Typically copied and paste from Wikipedia.
M42
The BMW M42 is a DOHC 16-valve I4 piston engine first built for the E30 318is and 318i 1991 year model. The engine block is based on the BMW M40, used on the 318i, but had distinctive features such as double overhead cams driven by a timing chain, hydraulic valve lifters, and an increased 10:1 compression ratio. The USA version of the 1991 318i only came with the M42 engine.
Profile gaskets on M42s built before 1993 are known to fail prematurely.
Displacement for the M42B18 was 1.8 L (1796 cc); cylinder bore was 84 mm; and stroke was 81 mm. E30 318iS, 318i (in the U.S.; European versions of the 318i were fitted with the M40 engine), and early E36 318iS/318ti (prior to 1992) models were fitted with versions producing 100 kW (134 hp) and 172 N·m (127 ft·lbf). Later, change in the overhead cam design helped to achieve 103 kW (138 hp) and 175 N·m (129 ft·lbf) coping with the increased weight of the E36 models. The engine uses Bosch M1.7 fuel injection.
The M42 is a popular engine swap for 2002s and E21s. It is a relatively inexpensive swap, and produces more usable power than the M10s, while still being lighter, plus utilizing modern EFI and direct-ignition and a much improved valvetrain.
Further, the long-stroke forged crankshaft from the M47 motor coupled with an overbore of +2 mm will make for a 2.1 L Stroker M42. The 86 mm pistons from a European 3.0 L S50 will produce a high compression, stroker M42 when coupled with the M47 crank. The addition of a MAF conversion from an M50 engine and properly setup cams, valvetrain, and tuning will yield potent output from the "lowly" M42.
Applications:
* 1989–1991 E30 318iS/U.S. model 318i
* 1992–1996 E36 318i/318iS/318ti
* 1993–1995 E36 318i — (Produced in South Africa for South African market only.)
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M43
The BMW M43 is a straight-4 piston engine. Displacement ranges from 1600 cc to 2000 cc.
The engine was built solely on Assembly Line 2 at Steyr, and was the successor to the M40.
It features ICIM (Individual Control Intake Manifold) and 2-valve technology. The ICIM optimizes the torque curve and is also aided by anti-knock control. Like the 16-valve, 4-cylinder M42 engine and the 6 and 8-cylinder engines, stationary high-voltage distribution is also used on the M43. The M40's timing belt was replaced by a chain as the high engine bay temperatures reduced the lifespan of the belt. Engine ratings were slightly raised while exhaust levels and fuel efficiency were significantly improved.
A further technical revision occurred in 1998. The displacement capacity was increased to 1.9 litres, resulting in improved torque of 180 Nm at 3900 rpm. The intake manifold was also constructed of plastic for added weight savings.
From 1993 to 2001 a total of 1,204,734 units came off the production line, making this the Steyr plant's highest-production engine
The 1.9 L (1895cc) M43B19 was the largest M43 engine. It produced 87 kW (118 hp) and 180 N·m (133 ft·lbf) or 77 kW (105 hp) and 165 N·m (122 ft·lbf). It used BMW BMS 46 fuel injection.
It's also known as M43 TÜ engine. It had twin-balancing shafts.
Applications:
* 87 kW (118 hp) and 180 N·m (133 ft·lbf)
o 1998-2001 E46 318i/318Ci
o 2001-2003 BMW E36 Z3 1.9
* 77 kW (105 hp) and 165 N·m (122 ft·lbf)
o 1999-2000 E36 316i compact
o 1998-2001 E46 316i