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Message: <blockquote data-quote="t2ribena" data-source="post: 430538" data-attributes="member: 3847">to achieve the max torque at lowest engine speed is preferable but this max torque should stay on constant thru all the engine speed...thats why the term flat torque curve...to have this as close as possible to flat torque curve, engineers adopt the VANOS & Valvetronic technology to varies the engine characteristics constantly to acheive this torque curve. for horsepower aka the amount of work the engine can do for a NA car is always achieve at high rpm...same thing to achieve it earlier is better coz no need to rev until 8k rpm only u get the max hp so to achieve this they use FI...</blockquote>